What are Bedsores? Causes, Risk Factors & Prone Body Areas
What is a Bedsore?
Bedsores, also medically known as pressure ulcers, pressure sores, or decubitus ulcers, are localized injuries to the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue. They primarily develop over bony prominences as a result of sustained mechanical pressure combined with shear forces and friction.
Commonly occurring in individuals who are bedridden, wheelchair-bound, or recovering from major surgical procedures, the continuous pressure compresses microscopic capillaries, restricting oxygen-rich blood flow and rapidly triggering tissue necrosis.
Who is More Prone to Bedsores?
Anyone experiencing extended immobility or altered sensory perception is at heightened risk:
- Bedridden & Post-Operative Patients: Individuals unable to shift weight independently while resting in bed.
- Wheelchair Users: Long hours in seated postures place severe concentrated pressure over the ischial tuberosities.
- Incontinence Sufferers: Constant exposure to moisture from urine or stool breaks down epidermal lipids.
- Elderly & Diabetic Patients: Thinning skin, diminished subcutaneous fat, and impaired circulatory responsiveness elevate susceptibility.
Areas of the Body Most Prone to Bedsores
Sacrum & Coccyx (Tailbone)
The lower spine and tailbone bear the majority of body weight while lying supine or sitting in inclined hospital beds.
Heels & Ankles (Calcaneus)
Heels have minimal subcutaneous cushioning. Sustained contact with mattresses creates high localized pressure points.
Hips & Buttocks (Trochanter)
Side-lying postures concentrate pressure directly over the greater trochanter, causing severe deep tissue trauma.
Shoulder Blades & Elbows
Bony ridges along the scapula and olecranon process rub continuously against bedsheets, making proactive lubrication vital.